RARE Advertising Trade Card Folder Brochure Kickapoo Indian Remedies 1880s Quack
For offer: a very rare advertising trade card folder! Fresh from a prominent estate in Upstate NY.
Never offered on the market until now. I have never seen one of these - the cards are rare, but this is a folding brochure. Folds smaller, as shown in last photo - NOTE : will be sent folded, as found. In good to very good condition - as shown in photos. If you collect 19th century American history, Americana Native Americans, quack medicine, business card related, advertisement ad, Victorian era, etc. This is a treasure you will not see again! Genealogy research info as well.Add this to your image or paper / ephemera collection. The Kickapoo people (Kickapoo: Kiikaapoa or Kiikaapoi; Spanish: Kikapú) are an Algonquian-speaking Native American and Indigenous Mexican tribe, originating in the region south of the Great Lakes. Today, three federally recognized Kickapoo tribes are in the United States: the Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas, the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma, and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas.
The Oklahoma and Texas bands are politically associated with each other. [1] Around 3,000 people are enrolled tribal members.
Another band, the Tribu Kikapú, resides in Múzquiz Municipality in the northern Mexican state of Coahuila. Smaller bands live in Sonora, to the west, and Durango, to the southwest. According to some sources, the name "Kickapoo" (Giiwigaabaw in the Anishinaabe language and its Kickapoo cognate Kiwikapawa) means "stands here and there, " which may have referred to the tribe's migratory patterns. The name can also mean "wanderer".
This interpretation is contested and generally believed to be a folk etymology. Babe Shkit, Kickapoo chief and delegate from Indian Territory, c. The Kickapoo are an Algonquian-language people who likely migrated to or developed as a people in a large territory along the southern Wabash River in the area of modern Terre Haute, Indiana, where they were located at the time of first contact with Europeans in the 1600s.
They were confederated with the larger Wabash Confederacy, which included the Piankeshaw and the Wea to their north, and the powerful Miami Tribe, to their east. A subgroup occupied the Upper Iowa River region in what was later known as northeast Iowa and the Root River region in southeast Minnesota in the late 1600s and early 1700s. This group was probably known by the clan name "Mahouea", derived from the Illinoian word for wolf, m'hwea. The earliest European contact with the Kickapoo tribe occurred during the La Salle Expeditions into Illinois Country in the late 17th century. The French colonists set up remote fur trading posts throughout the region, including on the Wabash River.
They typically set up posts at or near Native American villages. Terre Haute was founded as an associated French village. The Kickapoo had to contend with a changing cast of Europeans; the British defeated the French in the Seven Years' War and took over nominal rule of former French territory east of the Mississippi River after 1763. They increased their own trading with the Kickapoo. The United States acquired the territory east of the Mississippi River and north of the Ohio River after it gained independence from the United Kingdom. As white settlers moved into the region from the United States' eastern areas, beginning in the early 19th century, the Kickapoo were under pressure. They negotiated with the United States over their territory in several treaties, including the Treaty of Vincennes, the Treaty of Grouseland, and the Treaty of Fort Wayne.Rising tensions between the regional tribes and the United States led to Tecumseh's War in 1811. The Kickapoo were among the closest allies of Shawnee leader Tecumseh.
Many Kickapoo warriors participated in the Battle of Tippecanoe and the subsequent War of 1812 on the side of the British, hoping to expel the white American settlers from the region. [3] The Kickapoo were not eager to move, partly as their assigned tract in Missouri was made of rugged hills and already occupied by the Osage, who were their hereditary enemies. Instead, half of the population traveled south and crossed onto the Spanish side of the Red river in modern day Texas. The US government quickly mobilized to prevent this emigration and force their removal to Missouri.
This remnant of Kickapoo remained in Illinois under the guidance of Kennekuk, a prominent, nonviolent spiritual leader among the Kickapoo. He led his followers during the Indian Removal in the 1830s to their current tribal lands in Kansas. He died there of smallpox in 1852. The close of the war led to a change of federal Indian policy in the Indiana Territory, and later the state of Indiana. White American leaders began to advocate the removal of tribes to lands west of the Mississippi River, to extinguish their claims to lands wanted by white American settlers.The Kickapoo were among the first tribes to leave Indiana under this program. Kickapoo people building a Winter House in the town of Nacimiento Coahuila, México, 2008. Kickapoo is dialect of the Fox language closely related to dialects spoken by the Sauk people and Meskwaki people. They are classified with the Central Algonquian languages, and are also related to the Illinois Confederation. In 1985, the Kickapoo Nation's School in Horton, Kansas, began a language-immersion program for elementary school grades to revive teaching and use of the Kickapoo language in kindergarten through grade 6.
[5] Efforts in language education continue at most Kickapoo sites. In 2010, the Head Start Program at the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas reservation, which teaches the Kickapoo language, became the first Native American school to earn Texas School Ready! Also in 2010, Mexico's Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia participated in the elaboration of a Kickapoo alphabet. [7] The Kickapoo in Mexico are known for their whistled speech. Texts, [8] recordings, [9] and a vocabulary[10] of the language are available.
The Kickapoo language and members of the Kickapoo tribe were featured in the movie The Only Good Indian (2009), directed by Greg Wilmott and starring Wes Studi. This was a fictionalized account of Native American children forced to attend an Indian boarding school, where they were forced to speak English and give up their cultural practices.
A Kickapoo alphabet was developed by Paul Voorhis in 1974 and was revised in 1981. [12] A new orthography is used by the Kickapoo Language Development Program in Oklahoma.Kickapoo alphabet (Kickapoo Language Development Program)[13]. Eleven consonant phonemes are used in Kickapoo. The voiceless sounds can sometimes be voiced as b, d, d?
/p/ in word-initial position can also be aspirated as p? / can also be pronounced as [ts]. The eight vowel sounds in Kickapoo are: short /a, ? I, o/ and long /a? I, o/, can be phonetically heard as allophones?/ can be heard as ä? Three federally recognized Kickapoo communities are in the United States in Kansas, Texas, and Oklahoma. The Mexican Kickapoo are closely tied to the Texas and Oklahoma communities.
These groups migrate annually among the three locations to maintain connections. Indeed, the Texas and Mexican branches are the same cross-border nation, called Kickapoo of Coahuila/Texas [16]. Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas. Main article: Kickapoo Tribe in Kansas. The tribe in Kansas was home to prophet Kenekuk, who was known for his astute leadership that allowed the small group to maintain their reservation.Kenekuk wanted to keep order among the tribe he was in, while living in Kansas. He also wanted to focus on keeping the identity of the Kickapoo people, because of all the relocations they had done. The basis of Kenekuk's leadership began in the religious revivals of the 1820s and 1830s, with a blend of Protestantism and Catholicism. Kenekuk taught his tribesmen and white audiences to obey God's commands, for sinners were damned to the pits of hell. [17] Once the Kickapoo people got relocated to Kansas they resisted the ideas of Protestantism and Catholicism and started focusing more on farming, so they could provide food for the rest of the tribe.
After this had happened they remained together and claimed some of the original land that they had before it was taken by Americans. The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Kansas is located at 39°40'51?W in the northeastern part of the state in parts of three counties: Brown, Jackson, and Atchison. It has a land area of 612.203 square kilometres (236.373 sq mi) and a resident population of 4,419 as of the 2000 census.
The largest community on the reservation is the city of Horton. Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas. Main article: Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas.
The Kickapoo Indian Reservation of Texas is located at 28°36'37? W on the Rio Grande on the U. Mexico border in western Maverick County, just south of the city of Ciudad Acuña, as part of the community of Rosita South. It has a land area of 0.4799 square kilometres (118.6 acres) and a 2000 census population of 420 persons.
The Texas Indian Commission officially recognized the tribe in 1977. Other Kickapoo in Maverick County, Texas, constitute the "South Texas Subgroup of the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma". That band owns 917.79 acres (3.7142 km2) of non-reservation land in Maverick County, primarily to the north of Eagle Pass. It has an office in that city. Main article: Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma.
A Kickapoo wickiup, Sac and Fox Agency, Oklahoma, c. After being expelled from the Republic of Texas, many Kickapoo moved south to Mexico, but the population of two villages settled in Indian Territory. One village settled within the Chickasaw Nation and the other within the Muscogee Creek Nation. These Kickapoo were granted their own reservation in 1883 and became recognized as the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma.
In 1893 under the Dawes Act, their communal tribal lands were broken up[20] and assigned to separate member households by allotments. The tribe's government was dismantled by the Curtis Act of 1898, which encouraged assimilation by Native Americans to the majority culture. Tribal members struggled under these conditions. In the 1930s the federal and state governments encouraged tribes to reorganize their governments. This one formed the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma in 1936, under the Oklahoma Indian Welfare Act. Today the Kickapoo Tribe of Oklahoma is headquartered in McLoud, Oklahoma. Their tribal jurisdictional area is in Oklahoma, Pottawatomie, and Lincoln counties. They have 2,719 enrolled tribal members. The Kickapoo Indian Medicine Company boosted sales with traveling medicine shows.Part carnival, part sales pitch, they featured Indian'agents' or'professors' making outlandish claims for quack cure-alls in between Indian acts. The Kickapoo Indian Medicine Company's medicine shows were the biggest and most successful in the United States.
They were the brainchild of a New Haven peddler and a bogus Texas frontiersman who capitalized on the American belief that Indians had a deep knowledge of natural medicine. Capp's Kickapoo Joy Juice was so potent the fumes alone could melt the rivets off battleships. Kickapoo Cough Cure and Kickapoo Sagwa could cure just about any ailment - or so claimed the New Haven entrepreneurs who concocted the products. English patent medicines came to the British colonies from England. They were made under grants, or'patents of royal favor,' to purveyors of medicine for the royal family.
Americans soon discovered it was cheaper to make their own patent medicines than import them. They didn't trust doctors, for good reason, and were susceptible to peddlers' claims of miracle cures.
By the 19th century, traveling patent-medicine salesmen brought medicine shows along with them to attract customers. Healy led a checkered career before he stumbled on the idea of an Indian medicine show. He had been a drummer boy in the Union Army during the Civil War, a door-to-door salesman of vanishing cream, a purveyor of'King of Pain' liniment and proprietor of an Irish minstrel show. He hooked up with Dr. Flagg, a Baltimore peddler who played the violin on street corners to help sell his Flagg's Instant Relief. Flagg's Instant Relief was soon renamed Kickapoo Indian Oil. In the fall of 1879 the two men hired Charles Bigelow to take the Kickapoo Indian Oil show on the road.He had left the family farm in Bee County, Texas, to tour with a phony Indian medicine man who called himself'Dr. Bigelow called himself'Texas Charlie,' wore a sombrero over his long flowing hair and spewed humbug about Indian medicine. Soon Flagg was out of the business and Healy and Bigelow were partners.
Barnum, they shamelessly and tirelessly ballyhooed their products. The Kickapoo Indian Medicine Company reassured its customers that medicines made of'roots, barks, twigs, leaves, seeds, and berries are the most beneficial, because they assist Nature in the right way to make her own cure. Kickapoo Indian Oils were'quick cures for all pains,' and the Kickapoo Indian Cough Cure could cure'all diseases of the throat and lungs. Healy & Bigelow, New Haven, Ct.